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The American Teachers Association was a professional association and teachers' union representing teachers in schools in the South for people of color during the period of legal racial segregation in United States. In 1954 the United States Supreme Court ruled in ''Brown v. Board of Education'' that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal segregation. == History == In 1906, at a meeting of the Negro Young Peoples Christian and Educational Congress, the National Colored Teachers Association was formed. In 1907, to reflect that many white teachers worked in colored schools, the name was changed to the National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (NATCS).〔Perry, Thelma D., ''History of the American Teachers Association'' (Washington, D.C.: National Education Association, 1975)〕 The members were dealing with segregated schools in the South, which had been established in law. Additional racial segregation and Jim Crow laws were imposed by white-dominated legislatures in the late 19th century. In addition, blacks had been disfranchised since the turn of the 20th century by provisions of new constitutions and laws in the South. With blacks closed out of the political process, educators found that black public schools in the segregated states were historically underfunded, and their teachers were paid less than white teachers in white schools. 1923 was a pivotal year for the organization. Mary McLeod Bethune became its first female president and it published its first edition of ''The Bulletin'', the official magazine. The magazine "was a bridge between the members of the Association, and it served to inform the public and interpret NATCS to those who did not attend the annual meetings".〔 In 1937, members changed the name to the American Teachers Association (ATA). The ATA worked jointly with the National Education Association (NEA) on issues related to African-American education.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://library.gwu.edu/ead/nea1007.xml#ref2460 )〕 In 1926, an informal NEA committee was appointed to study issues in colored schools.〔 That began a period of cooperation between the two associations. Following the United States Supreme Court ruling in ''Brown v. Board of Education'' (1954) that segregated schools were unconstitutional, public schools were gradually integrated after massive resistance. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited legal segregation of public facilities. The ATA and NEA began to consider a merger in the early 1960s, as a result of changes in education and the civil rights movement. In 1963, the ATA voted a "qualified recommendation" in favor of merger, which was completed in 1966. The name of the merged association remained the National Education Association.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「American Teachers Association」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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